<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Brazil<nl>Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<item><hi format=bold>Names:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional long form:</hi> Federative Republic of Brazil
<item>• <hi format=ital>conventional short form:</hi> Brazil
<item>• <hi format=ital>local long form:</hi> Republica Federativa do Brasil
<item>• <hi format=ital>local short form:</hi> Brasil
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Digraph:</hi> BR
<item><hi format=bold>Type:</hi> federal republic
<item><hi format=bold>Capital:</hi> Brasilia
<item><hi format=bold>Administrative divisions:</hi> 26 states (estados, singular—estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins
<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> 5 October 1988
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state and head of government:</hi> President Itamar FRANCO (since 29 December 1992); election last held 15 November 1989, with runoff on 17 December 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results—Fernando COLLOR de Mello 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva 47%; note—first free, direct presidential election since 1960; Fernando COLLOR de Mello was impeached in December 1992 and succeeded by former Vice President Itamar FRANCO
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> Cabinet; appointed by the president
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Legislative branch:</hi> bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional)
<item><hi format=bold>Federal Senate (Senado Federal):</hi> election last held 3 October 1990 (next to be held October 1994); results—percent of vote by party PMBD 33%, PFL 16%, PSDB 12%, PDS 4%, PDT 6%, PT 1%, other 28%; seats—(81 total as of 3 February 1991) PMDB 27, PFL 15, PSDB 10, PTB 8, PDT 5, other 16
<item><hi format=bold>Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados):</hi> election last held 3 October 1990 (next to be held October 1994); results—PMDB 21%, PFL 17%, PDT 9%, PDS 8%, PRN 7.9%, PTB 7%, PT 7%, other 23.1%; seats—(503 total as of 3 February 1991) PMDB 108, PFL 87, PDT 46, PDS 43, PRN 40, PTB 35, PT 35, other 109
<item><hi format=bold>Judicial branch:</hi> Supreme Federal Tribunal
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi> National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel TOURINHO, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Luiz HENRIQUE da Silveira, president; Liberal Front Party (PFL), Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president; Workers' Party (PT), Luis Inacio LULA da Silva, president; Brazilian Workers' Party (PTB), Rodrigues PALMA, president; Democratic Workers' Party (PDT), Leonel BRIZOLA, president; Progressive Renewal Party (PPR), Paulo MALUF, president; Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Tasso JEREISSATI, president; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Roberto FREIRE, president; Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao AMAZONAS, secretary general; Liberal Party (PL), Flavio ROCHA, president
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s) general:</hi> Boston, Chicago, Hong Kong (Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands), Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s):</hi> Houston and San Francisco
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s) general:</hi> Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
<item>• <hi format=ital>consulate(s):</hi> Porto Alegre, Recife
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Flag:</hi> green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and district) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)